锑单晶
锑单晶 51Sb121.75
说明:锑是具有三种形态的一种非金属元素。它的金属形态更为稳定且呈现银白色明亮光泽,具有硬脆的特性。它在干燥空气中是稳定的,不受稀酸溶液或稀碱溶液腐蚀。在其它金属中加入锑可以使其强化,锑常被用于储能电池,轴承等领域。
锑单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
晶体结构: |
rhombohedral |
生产方法: |
Bridgeman |
标准尺寸: |
diameter 12mm thickness 1mm |
晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
典型分析: |
99.999% |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, grey rhombohedral (a=430.84, c=1124.79), R3m (grey) cubic (a=298.6), Pm3m metal h.c.p. (a=336.9, c=533), P63/mmc |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 270 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 33.1 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.557 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
4.91 sa / barns |
密度: |
6.62 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
630.74 °C / 903.89 °K |
沸点: |
1634.85 °C / 1908 °K |
摩尔体积: |
18.20 cm3 |
导热系数: |
24.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
8.5 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
39.0x10-8 [273 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
-1.0 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
54.7 GPa |
刚性模量: |
20.7 GPa |
体积模量: |
n.a. GPa |
泊松比: |
0.25 - 0.33 GPa |
半径: |
Sb5+ 62; Sb3+ 89; Sb2- 245; atomic 182; covalent 141; van der Waals 220 |
负电性: |
2.05 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allred); 4.85 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
6.30 (Slater); 9.99 (Clementi); 12.37(Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
40 |
同位素质量范围: |
108 -> 136 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
100 mg |
致命摄取量: |
Antimony provokes vomiting, and was once prescribed for this purpose, but medical does is near to toxic dose and antimony can kill. LD50 (oral) for antimony potassium tartrate is c. 140 mg. |
危险性: |
Small does of antimony stimulate metabolism, large does cause liver damage. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.0033 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
0.01 - 0.6 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.011 - 0.42 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.042 - 0.191 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.002 - 1.3 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
2 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
A little native antimony occurs naturally as granular masses or nodules, Generally in silver-bearing lodes and has been found in Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Sibiconite |
Sb3O6(OH) |
5.58 |
4 - 5.5 |
hex., res./adam. black |
Stibnite |
Sb2S3 |
4.63 |
2 |
hex., yellow, tiny prisms |
Tetrahedrite |
(Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 |
4.97 |
3 - 4.5 |
rhom., adam. white/brown |
Ullmannite |
NiSbS |
6.65 |
5 - 5.5 |
cub., metallic grey |
主要矿石: |
Stibnite. Tetrahedrite, although mainly a copper ore, yields antimony as a by-product. |
世界产量: |
53000 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
China, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Bolivias, France |
储量: |
2.5 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as pieces, powder or shot. CARE ! |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
10 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
0.2 p.p.m. |
海水: |
c. 3 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
3.5 x 105 years |
类别: |
accumulating |
氧化态: |
III |