镍单晶
镍单晶 28Ni58.71
说明:镍是一种银白色,有光泽,有延展性和韧性的金属。它抗腐蚀,但易溶于酸(除了次硝酸),不溶于碱。常用于合金,特别是不锈钢,硬币,金属电镀和催化剂。
镍单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
fcc |
|
生产方法: |
Czochralski |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 10-20mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.99% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
As 1.0 at% B < 0.1 at% Be < 0.1 at% Br < 1.0 at% C 20 at% Ca < 0.4 at% Co < 0.5 at% Cl < 0.4 at% Cu 4.0 at% F < 0.1 at% Fe 25 at% K 1.0 at% Li < 0.1 at% \Mg < 0.1 at% |
Mn < 0.1 at% N 5 at% Na < 0.1 at% O 15 at% P < 0.1 at% S < 0.3 at% Sc < 0.1 at% Se < 0.5 at% Si 14 at% Sn 2.0 at% Ti 3.0 at% V < 0.1 at% Zn 3.0 at% Ni balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group f.c.c. (a=352.38), Fm3m hexagonal nickel (an impure form of nickel) (a=266, c=432), P63/mmc |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 45.7 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 46.6 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
1.03 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
4.49 sa / barns |
密度: |
8.9 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1452.85 °C / 1726 °K |
沸点: |
2731.85 °C / 3005 °K |
摩尔体积: |
6.59 cm3 |
导热系数: |
90.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
13.3 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
6.84x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
ferromagnetic |
杨氏模量: |
199.5 GPa |
刚性模量: |
76.0 GPa |
体积模量: |
177.3 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.312 GPa |
半径: |
Ni3+ 62; Ni2+ 78; atomic 125; covalent 115 |
负电性: |
1.91 (Pauling); 1.75 (Allred); 4.40 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
4.05 (Slater); 5.71 (Clementi); 7.86 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
14 |
同位素质量范围: |
53 -> 67 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
Essential to some species, and can act to stimulate metabolism. |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
1 - 3 mg kg-1 |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (acetate, oral, rat)= 350 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Nickel and many of its compounds are poisonous, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Nickel carbonyl is extremely tzoxic. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.01 - 0.05 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
<0.7 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.02 - 1.8 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
1 - 2 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.3 - 0.5 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
< 15 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
|
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Garnierite |
(Ni, Mg)6Si4O10(OH)8 |
2.3 - 2.5 |
2 - 4 |
mon., aggregates, bright green |
Nickeline |
b-NiS |
5.27 |
3 - 3.5 |
hex., met. copper-red |
Pentlandite |
(Ni, Fe)9S8 |
4.8 |
3.5 - 4 |
cub., met., bronze-yellow |
主要矿石: |
garnierite, pentlandite (nickeline is rare but was the first mineral from which nickel was extracted) |
世界产量: |
510 000 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
garnierite in Russia, South Africa, USA; pentlandite in Cananda, South Africa |
储量: |
70 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as foil, powder, rod, slugs, spheres and wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
1.91 x 106 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
c. 80 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
1 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
4.0 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋表面: |
1 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
5.7 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
80 000 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
II |