钌单晶
钌单晶 44Ru101.07
说明:钌是有光泽,银色的金属,属于铂组金属,它不受空气和水的影响,不溶于酸,溶于熔融碱。被用于强化铂钯合金和催化剂。
钌单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
hexagonal |
|
生产方法: |
Floating zone |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 6-8mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(0001), (+1-100) and (11-20) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
|
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.99% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
Ag < 1 Au 2 Ca 17 Cu 2 Cr 3 Fe 10 |
Ir 25 Mg 3 Mn < 1 Os 40 Pb 2 Ru balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group h.c.p. (a=270.58, c=428.11), P63/mmc hexagonal |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 183 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 21.1 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.721 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
2.56 sa / barns |
密度: |
12.2 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
2309.85 °C / 2583 °K |
沸点: |
3899.85 °C / 4173 °K |
摩尔体积: |
8.14 cm3 |
导热系数: |
117 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
9.1 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
7.6x10-8 [273 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+5.37 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
432 GPa |
刚性模量: |
173 GPa |
体积模量: |
286 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.25 GPa |
半径: |
Ru5+ 54; Ru4+ 65; Ru3+ 77; atomic 134; covalent 124 |
负电性: |
2.2 (Pauling); 1.42 (Allred); 4.5 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.75 (Slater); 7.45 (Clementi); 10.57 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
20 |
同位素质量范围: |
92 -> 110 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
most ruthenium compunds are poisonous |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (RuO2, oral, rat)= 4580 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Ingested ruthenium is retained in the bones for a long time. The volatile oxide, RuO4 is highly toxic by inhalation. |
人体等级 |
|
器官: |
n.a., but very low |
每日食物摄取量: |
n.a |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
n.a. |
地质资料
矿物: |
Few minerals as such; ruthenium metal is found in the free state, sometimes alloyed with osmium and iridium. |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Ruthenarsenite |
(Ru, Ni) As |
10 |
6 |
orth., met. orange-brown |
Ruthenium |
Ru |
12.2 |
6.5 |
hex., met. white |
主要矿石: |
from the wastes of nickel refining. |
世界产量: |
0.12 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
South Africa, Russia, Canada, USA and Zimbabwe |
储量: |
n.a. |
样品: |
available as powder or sponge. WARNING ! |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
67.6 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
c. 0.001 p.p.m. |
海水: |
n.a., but minute |