银单晶
银单晶 47Ag107.870
说明:银是一种柔软的,有延展性的金属,抛光时具有典型的银色光泽。在水和氧气中稳定,但会被空气中的硫化合物慢慢腐蚀,形成黑色的硫化层。银溶于硫酸和硝酸。被用于银质餐具,珠宝,镜子,并且因其优异的导电性用于电气工业。银盐被用于摄影中。
银单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
fcc |
|
生产方法: |
Czochralski |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 8-20mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
|
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.999% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
Au 1 Cu 2 |
Fe 2 Ni 1 Ag balance |
|
Al, Cd, Mg, Mn, Pt, Pd are below the detection limit |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group f.c.c. (a=408.626), Fm3m |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 218 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 25.8 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.597 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
63.6 sa / barns |
密度: |
10.5 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
961.93 °C / 1235.08 °K |
沸点: |
2211.85 °C / 2485 °K |
摩尔体积: |
10.27 cm3 |
导热系数: |
429 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
19.2 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
1.59x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
-2.27 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
82.7 GPa |
刚性模量: |
30.3 GPa |
体积模量: |
103.6 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.367 GPa |
半径: |
Ag2+ 89; Ag+ 113; atomic 144; covalent 134 |
负电性: |
1.93 (Pauling); 1.42 (Allred); 4.44 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
4.20 (Slater); 8.03 (Clementi); 11.35 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
46 |
同位素质量范围: |
96 -> 122 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none, especially toxic to lower organisms |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
soluble salts, ingestion, human = 1 g |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (nitrate, oral, mouse)=50 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Soluble silver salts irritate the skin and mucous membranes and can cause death if ingested even in small doses. Silver is a suspected carcinogen |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
<0.003 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
0.01 - 0.44 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.005 - 0.25 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.009 - 0.28 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.0014 - 0.08 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
2 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Native silver occurs naturally as crystals, but more generally as a compact mass and there are small deposits in Norway, Germany, Mexico, Chile, Canada, Australia, Sardinia and the USA. |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Acanthite |
Ag2S |
7.2 |
2 - 2.5 |
mon., met. black -lead grey |
Chlorargyrite |
AgCl |
5.556 |
2.5 |
cub., res./adam. col./grey |
Polybasite |
(Cu, Ag)16Sb2S11 |
6.1 |
2 - 3 |
mon., met. black |
Stephanite |
Ag5SbS4 |
6.26 |
2 - 2.5 |
orth., met. black |
主要矿石: |
acanthite, stephanite |
世界产量: |
9950 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
acanthite in Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, stephanite in Canada. Silver is obtained as a by-product in the refining of other metals such as copper. |
储量: |
1 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as crystals, flake, foil, granules, powder, rod, wire or wool. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
7.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
0.07 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
n.a. |
大西洋深处: |
n.a. |
太平洋表面: |
1 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
24 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
5000 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
I |