锡单晶
锡单晶 50Sn118.69
说明:锡是柔软的,柔韧的银白色金属。表面有氧化膜时不与氧气和水反应。锡溶于酸和碱。被用于焊料合金,锡板,聚合物添加剂和一些防污涂料。
锡单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
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晶体结构: |
tetragonal |
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生产方法: |
Bridgeman |
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标准尺寸: |
diameter 9-10mm thickness 1-2mm |
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晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
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晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
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典型分析: |
99.999% |
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典型分析(ppm): |
C 6 H < 1 O < 5 N < 5 Bi 0.5 Cl 0.4 Co < 1 Fe 0.25 Mg 0.15 |
Ni < 0.3 P 1 Pb 1.5 S 0.6 Si 0.3 Ta < 1 Ti 0.15 W 0.2 Sn balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Sn (grey) cubic (a=648.92), Fd3m b-Sn (white) tetragonal (a=583.16, c=318.13), I42/amd T(a->b)=286.4 K [b form at room temperature] |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 256 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 31.1 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.6225 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
0.626 sa / barns |
密度: |
7.30 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
231.968 °C / 505.118 °K |
沸点: |
2269.85 °C / 2543 °K |
摩尔体积: |
16.24 (b) cm3 |
导热系数: |
66.6 (a) [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
5.3 x 10-6 (a) K-1 21.2 x 10-6 (b) K-1 |
电阻系数: |
11.0x10-8 (a) [273 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
-4.0 x 10-9(a) kg-1m3 +3.3 x 10-10(b) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
49.9 GPa |
刚性模量: |
18.4 GPa |
体积模量: |
58.2 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.357 GPa |
半径: |
Sn4+ 74; Sn2+ 93; Sn4- 294; atomic 141; covalent 140; van der Waals 200 |
负电性: |
1.96 (Pauling); 1.72 (Allred); 4.30 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
5.65 (Slater); 9.10 (Clementi); 11.11 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
37 |
同位素质量范围: |
106 -> 132 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
May be essential to some organisms, including human. |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
low toxicity as metal and some inorganic tin (II) salts |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (SnCl2, oral, rat) = 700 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Tin (II) salts can be pisonous by ingestion and other routes and there is evidence that tin can have experimental carcinogenic and human mutagenic effects. Some organotin compounds are very toxic. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
c. 0.38 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
1.4 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.23 - 2.3 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.33 - 2.4 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.2 - 3.5 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
20 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Cassiterite |
SnO2 |
6.99 |
6 - 7 |
tet., adam./ met. brown |
主要矿石: |
cassiterite |
世界产量: |
165 000 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
Malaysia, Sumatra, Russia, China, Bolivia, Zaire |
储量: |
4.5 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as bars, breads, foil, granules, rod, shot and wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
100 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
2.2 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
2.3 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
5.8 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
n.a. |
类别: |
scavenged |
氧化态: |
IV |