钛单晶
钛单晶 22Ti47.90
说明:钛是一种坚硬的,有光泽的银色金属。表面的氧化层可抗腐蚀。金属粉末点燃后可燃烧。钛不溶于多种酸(除了HF,磷酸和高硫酸)和碱。白色的二氧化钛因其覆盖力强被用于涂料。钛金属被用于化工厂,轻质合金材料,髋关节置换关节等。
钛单晶性能参数
状态: |
single crystal grains with ~mm size |
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晶体结构: |
hexagonal |
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生产方法: |
Floating zone |
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标准尺寸: |
diameter 8-10mm thickness 1-2mm |
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晶向: |
(1001), (1-100) and (11-20) |
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晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
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典型分析: |
99.97% |
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典型分析(ppm): |
Al < 4.6 C 35.0 Cl < 2.6 Cr 2.7 Cu 8.0 Fe 22.0 O 140.0 |
Mn 5.3 N 5.0 Ni 10.0 S 10.0 Si 4.4 V 4.7 Zr 2.7 Ti balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Ti h.c.p. (a=295.11, c=468.43), P63/mmc b-Ti b.c.c. (a=330.65), Im3m T(a->b)=1155 K High pressure form: (a=462.5, c=281.3), P3m1 |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 208 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 24.2 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
-0.3438 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
6.09 sa / barns |
密度: |
4.51 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1659.85 °C / 1933 °K |
沸点: |
3286.85 °C / 3560 °K |
摩尔体积: |
10.55 cm3 |
导热系数: |
21.9 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
8.35 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
42.0x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+4.01 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
120.2 GPa |
刚性模量: |
45.6 GPa |
体积模量: |
108.4 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.361 GPa |
半径: |
Ti4+ 69; Ti2+ 80; atomic 145; covalent 132 |
负电性: |
1.54 (Pauling); 1.32 (Allred); 3.45 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.15 (Slater); 4.82 (Clementi); 6.37 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
13 |
同位素质量范围: |
41 -> 53 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
Low |
毒性摄取量: |
low toxicity as metal, oxide (TiO2) and inorganic titanium (IV) salts. |
致命摄取量: |
non-lethal |
危险性: |
Some titanium compunds are dangerous to handle, such as TiCl3, which is corrosive. Titanium has a stimulatory effect and is a suspected carcinogen. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.054 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
n.a. |
肝脏: |
1.2 - 4.7 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.9 - 2.2 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.8 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
20 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Anatase |
b-TiO2 |
3.90 |
5.5 - 6 |
tet., adam./brown, green, etc. |
Brookite |
g-TiO2 |
4.14 |
5.5 - 6 |
orth., met. adam./brown, black |
Ilmenite |
FeTiO3 |
4.72 |
5 - 6 |
rhom., met. black |
Perovskite |
CaTiO2 |
4.01 |
5.5 |
orth., adam./met. black |
Rutile |
a-TiO2 |
4.23 |
6 - 6.5 |
tet., met. lustre brown/yellowish |
Titanite |
CaTiSiO5 |
3.50 |
5 - 5.5 |
mon., adam./res. yellow/brown |
主要矿石: |
ilemnite; sometimes anatase is mined |
世界产量: |
99 000 (titanium metal); 3 x 106 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
Norway, India, Brazil, Canada, USA, Russia |
储量: |
440 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as crystals, foil, granules, powder, rod or wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
1.12 x 105 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
5600 p.p.m. |
海水: |
4.8 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
50 years |
类别: |
n.a. |
氧化态: |
IV |