钇单晶
钇单晶 39Y88.905
说明:钇是一种柔软的银白色的金属,表面的氧化膜使其在空气中稳定。点燃后可燃。与水和单独的氢原子反应。钇有多种用途:电视屏幕的红色,X-射线过滤器,超导体和超级合金。
钇单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
晶体结构: |
hexagonal |
生产方法: |
Floating zone |
标准尺寸: |
diameter 4mm thickness 1mm |
晶向: |
(0001) |
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
典型分析: |
99.95% |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Y h.c.p. (a=364.74, c=573.06), P63/mmc b-Y b.c.c. (a=411), Im3m T(a->b)=1763 K |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 134 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 100 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.775 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
1.28 sa / barns |
密度: |
4.47 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1521.85 °C / 1795 °K |
沸点: |
3337.85 °C / 3611 °K |
摩尔体积: |
19.89 cm3 |
导热系数: |
17.2 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
10.6 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
57.0x10-8 [298 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+2.70 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
66.3 GPa |
刚性模量: |
25.5 GPa |
体积模量: |
n.a. GPa |
泊松比: |
0.265 GPa |
半径: |
Y3+ 106; atomic 181; covalent 162 |
负电性: |
1.22 (Pauling); 1.11 (Allred); 3.19 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.00 (Slater); 6.26 (Clementi); 8.72 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
32 |
同位素质量范围: |
80 -> 99 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
n.a. |
致命摄取量: |
c. 15 g only one case reported) |
危险性: |
Bismuth is regarded as one of the less toxic heavy metals and it is commonly used as a medicine for stomach upsets. Excess bismuth can cause mild kidney damage |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.016 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
<0.2 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.015 - 0.33 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.32 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.005 - 0.02 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
< 0.5 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Bastnäsite-Y |
(Y, Ce)Co3F |
4.0 |
4 - 4.5 |
tri. translucent brick-red |
Fergusonite |
YNbO4 |
5.7 |
5.5 - 6.5 |
tet., vitreous, sub-metallic black |
Gadolinite |
Be2FeY2Si2O10 |
4.4 |
6.5 - 7 |
mon., vit./greasy greenish-black |
Polycrase-Y |
Y(Ti, Nb)2(O, OH)6 |
5.0 |
5.5 - 6 |
orth., sub-metallic black |
Samarskite |
AlO(OH) |
3.3 - 3.5 |
6.5 - 7 |
orth., vit./resinous |
Xenotime |
YPO4 |
4.8 |
4 - 5 |
tet., vit./resinous yellow-brown |
主要矿石: |
xenotime, bastnäsite, fergusonite, samarskite |
世界产量: |
400 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
xenitine in USA, bastnäsite in Russia, fergusonite in Norway, Russia, Madagascar |
储量: |
c. 9 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as chieps, ingots or powder. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
125 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
30 p.p.m. |
海水: |
9 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
n.a. |
氧化态: |
III |